Smartphone Applications for Use in Drug Overdose: A review

Background: As smartphone use increases, the use of applications (apps) regarding healthcare expands. Using medical apps has become commonplace for both medical professionals and the general public. Before apps are used it is important that the information that they deliver is accurate and can be used with confidence. Overdose is a common problem presenting to emergency departments and apps provide an opportunity to provide information to both patients and healthcare professionals regarding initial management. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review smartphone applications relating to overdose, and assess the level of medical professional involvement in their development. Methods: Smartphone apps regarding overdose were identified by searching three online app stores: Apple’s App Store, Blackberry AppWorld and Google Play. The search was undertaken using keywords related to overdose. Any apps not containing information relevant to management of drug overdose were not included in the review. Each app was reviewed by two authors. Results: A total of thirteen apps were identified (Google Play=4, Apple App Store=9). Two apps were duplicated therefore eleven were reviewed. Mean app cost was $8.10. Five apps (45%) were designed for use by patients. Healthcare professional involvement was evident in five (45%) of apps reviewed. Conclusion: This study has identified that the majority of the apps related to overdose do not have healthcare professional input. In order to improve confidence in that apps contain information that can be used reliably, a ‘quality stamp’ provided by an established emergency medicine body.